Look here and look here at this someone that already asked me this which has a bunched on links attached.
Animal rights people are the radical ones who don’t think animals should be raised for meat/products, kept as pets, or kept in zoos, the ones who compare artificially inseminating cows to rape and slaughtering pigs to the Holocaust. This is where you get the really loud vegans.
Animal welfare people are the ones who want animals to be treated well and not abused. They may be vegetarian or vegan due to the state of current farming and how animals are treated, but don’t generally have problems with the idea of eating animals/products. They’re probably against Seaworld and its treatment of animals, but don’t have anything against well-run zoos.
Basically, animal rights are the screamy loud unreasonable ones, animal welfare are the people who are just “hey, we shouldn’t do factory farming and keep orcas in tiny puddles”.